Baker Tilly TPA, in collaboration with TPA Poland, the Polish Wind Energy Association (PSEW) and law firm DWF, has prepared and published the 13th edition of the "Wind Energy in Poland 2026" report – an annual, bilingual study on the state and prospects of the wind energy sector in Poland. The publication comes at a moment when installed capacity in the onshore wind segment has exceeded 11 GW and Poland has entered the construction phase of its first offshore wind farms.
The report is structured around five main thematic sections and a special supplement.
Wind energy in Poland and Europe
This section presents the state of the sector on both the domestic and European markets. In 2025, Europe installed 19.1 GW of new wind capacity, of which approximately 90% was onshore. Total installed wind energy capacity in Europe reached around 304 GW. The section also covers key technology trends: repowering, hybridisation with energy storage, and the growing role of wind farms in providing system services.
Onshore wind energy – legal aspects and business outlook
This section analyses the current legal framework in Poland, covering the auction support system, corporate power purchase agreements (cPPA), spatial planning, environmental and construction procedures, and grid connection rules, as well as the transitional provisions arising from the Grid Act amendment (UC84). The financial part discusses M&A project valuation models, return on investment indicators, and the impact of negative energy prices and non-market curtailment on project profitability. The section also covers cable pooling as a model for optimising revenues from existing grid connection points.
Offshore wind energy – legal aspects and business outlook
This section analyses the results of the first Polish offshore auction held on 17 December 2025, the schedule for subsequent auctions (2027, 2029, 2031), and the progress of projects under Phase I and Phase II of the support scheme. The financial part presents estimated CAPEX figures, LCOE calculations, and full sensitivity tables for various productivity and cost-of-capital scenarios. It also covers the structure of debt financing under the project finance model, bankability conditions, and the role of cPPA contracts as a hedge for project cash flows.
Energy markets
This section provides a comprehensive set of market data: RES auction results for 2021–2025, the green certificates market, energy prices on the Polish Power Exchange (TGE), the PPA/cPPA market, and data on CO₂ emission allowances.
Selected tax issues
This section covers real property tax following the 2025 amendment, depreciation rules for wind turbines, VAT treatment of physical and virtual cPPA contracts, reverse charge VAT on energy delivered through exchange trading, VAT on supply-with-installation transactions by foreign contractors, and the implementation of the mandatory National e-Invoicing System (KSeF, obligatory from 1 April 2026) and the SAF-T for corporate income tax (JPK CIT) in wind energy projects. Separate coverage is given to the implications of the Constitutional Tribunal ruling of 7 August 2025 (SK 55/22), which classified the licensing fee as a public levy and challenged the constitutionality of the mechanism by which it is set in a ministerial regulation.
Special Focus: Mechanisms supporting the development of the domestic industry in the RES sector
The supplement analyses EU regulations introducing, from 30 December 2025, mandatory non-price criteria in RES auctions (the NZIA Regulation and Implementing Regulation 2025/1176): cybersecurity requirements and responsible business conduct at the pre-qualification stage, and contribution to supply chain resilience at the bid evaluation stage. It also covers Poland's local content policy: the MAP Code of Good Practices with six weighted criteria for assessing a supplier's "domestic" character, the State Procurement Policy for 2026–2029, and the findings of an original economic study.
Investment returns: what do the numbers say?
For strategic investors and developers, the hard financial data remains central. The report presents a detailed analysis for a model 30 MW wind farm:
IRR of 9.7% at a capacity factor of 35% and capital expenditure of PLN 7.5 million per MW – with significant sensitivity to location: at 30% capacity factor the IRR falls to 7.5%, while at 42.5% it rises to 12.6%.
LCOE for an onshore wind farm ranges from PLN 240 to 320 per MWh in real terms, depending on the financing structure and location.
The growing scale of non-market curtailment (1.4 TWh in total across RES in 2025, including approximately 0.4 TWh from wind farms – roughly double the prior year) reduces the IRR of the reference project by approximately 0.24 percentage points and increases LCOE by around PLN 5/MWh.
Negative energy prices – approximately 350 hours recorded in 2025 – mean that wind farms entering the auction support system from 2025 onwards face a complete prohibition on settling production during such periods, a factor that must be accounted for in financial models at the planning stage.
Market participants' views
The report also includes commentary from representatives of companies active in Poland's wind energy sector:
Agnieszka Pląska, CEO of WPD Polska
Nicolas Bzymek, Member of the Management Board, Virya Energy Polska
Sylwia Pododemska, Head of Wind Onshore Development, RWE Renewables Poland
Tomasz Guzowski, President of OX2 Polska
Artur Violante, CEO of Energix Polska
Xavier Canals, Management Board Member, Uriel Energia
Wojciech Karłowicz, Head of Energy Sector Team, PKO Bank Polski
Tomasz Tomasiak, Head of Investment Office, ARP TFI
Maciej Mierzwiński, CEE Energy Group
Karol Warakomski, Project Development Manager, Skyborn Renewables
Agnieszka Chądzyńska, Head of Tax Region Europe, Ørsted
Jagna Kubańska-Łyczakowska, Head of Public Affairs Poland & Baltics, Vestas
Anna Pasławska-Misztal, Deputy Country Manager, RP Global Poland
The report is available in a bilingual edition (PL/EN).
See also
